Njengoko ilizwe lixhasa ngamandla iimveliso kunye neenkonzo "zokupakishwa kohlaza" njengogxininiso lophuhliso lweshishini, ingqikelelo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lwekhabhoni ephantsi iye ngokuthe ngcembe ibe ngowona mxholo woluntu.Ukongeza kokunikela ingqalelo kwimveliso ngokwayo, abathengi bahlawula ingqwalasela engakumbi ekugcinweni kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kokupakishwa.Abathengi ngakumbi nangakumbi bakhetha ukupakisha ukukhanya, ukupakishwa okonakalayo, ukupakishwa okunokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinxulumeneyo.Kwixesha elizayo, eluhlazaukupakishwaiimveliso kulindeleke ukuba ziphumelele isidima semarike.
Umkhondo wophuhliso lwe "packaging eluhlaza"
Ukupakishwa kohlaza kwavela kwi "Ikamva Lethu Eliqhelekileyo" epapashwe yiKomishoni yeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nokusiNgqongileyo kunye noPhuhliso ngo-1987. NgoJuni 1992, iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nokusiNgqongileyo kunye noPhuhliso yadlulisela "iSibhengezo saseRio kwiNdalo kunye noPhuhliso", "21 Agenda for the Inkulungwane, kwaye ngoko nangoko yaqalisa amaza aluhlaza emhlabeni jikelele kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo indalo njengoko ingundoqo.Ngokokuqonda kwabantu ingqikelelo ukupakishwa eluhlaza, uphuhliso ukupakishwa eluhlaza kunokwahlulwa ibe izigaba ezithathu.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala
ukusuka ngoo-1970 ukuya phakathi koo-1980, "ukupakishwa kwenkunkuma yokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona" yatsho.Kweli nqanaba, ukuqokelela ngaxeshanye kunye nonyango lokunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ukusuka kwinkunkuma yokupakisha yeyona ndlela iphambili.Ngeli xesha, owona myalelo wokuqala owabhengezwayo yayiyiMilitary Packaging Waste Disposal Standard yase-United States ngo-1973, kwaye umthetho wase-Denmark ka-1984 wawugxile ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kwezinto zokupakisha ukupakishwa kwesiselo.Ngo-1996, i-China yaphinda yabhengeza "Ukulahlwa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweNkunkuma yokuPakisha"
Inqanaba lesibini lisusela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980 ukuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, Kweli nqanaba, isebe lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lase-US libeke izimvo ezintathu.
ekupakisheni inkunkuma:
1. Nciphisa ukupakishwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye usebenzise ngaphantsi okanye akukho ukupakisha
2. Zama ukurisayikilisha imvelisoizitya zokupakisha.
3. Izixhobo kunye nezikhongozeli ezingenako ukurisayikilishwa mazisebenzise imathiriyeli enokubola.Kwangaxeshanye, amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu nawo acebise eyawo imithetho yokupakisha nemimiselo, egxininisa ukuba abavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi bokupakisha kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kukulungelelaniswa kokupakishwa nokusingqongileyo.
Inqanaba lesithathu "LCA" phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kwee-1990s.I-LCA (Uhlalutyo lwe-Life Cycle), oko kukuthi, "uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi" indlela.Ibizwa ngokuba yitekhnoloji yohlalutyo "ukusuka kwi-cradle ukuya engcwabeni".Kuthatha yonke inkqubo yokupakisha iimveliso ukusuka ekutsalweni kwezinto ezikrwada ukuya ekulahlweni kwenkunkuma njengento yophando, kwaye yenza uhlalutyo lobungakanani kunye nokuthelekisa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo kweemveliso zokupakisha.Ubume obubanzi, obucwangcisiweyo kunye nenzululwazi yale ndlela ixatyisiwe kwaye yamkelwa ngabantu, kwaye ikhona njengenkqubo engaphantsi kwe-ISO14000 ebalulekileyo.
Iimpawu kunye neengcamango zokupakisha okuluhlaza
Ipakethe eluhlaza igqithisa iimpawu zebhrendi.Ukupakishwa kwemveliso elungileyoinokukhusela iimpawu zemveliso, ikhawuleze ichonge iibrendi, idlulise intsingiselo yegama, kwaye iphucule umfanekiso webrendi
Iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili
1. Ukhuseleko: uyilo alunako ukubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lobuqu lwabasebenzisi kunye nocwangco oluqhelekileyo lwendalo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
2. Ukonga umbane: zama ukusebenzisa izinto ezonga umbane okanye izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
3. I-Ecology: Uyilo lokupakisha kunye nokukhethwa kwemathiriyeli kuthathela ingqalelo ukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye kusetyenziswe imathiriyeli esonakala lula nekulula ukuyirisayikilisha .
Ingcamango yoyilo
1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nolawulo kwi-design yokupakisha eluhlaza: Xa ukhetha izinto eziphathekayo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, oko kukuthi, ukukhetha i-non-toxic, i-non-polluting, i-recycle-recycle, iphinda isetyenziswe.
2. Ukupakishwa kwemvelisouyilo lokuphinda lusetyenziswe: Kwinqanaba lokuqala loyilo lokupakisha imveliso, ukuba nokwenzeka kokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokuvuselelwa kwezinto zokupakisha, ixabiso lokuphinda lisetyenziswe, iindlela zokuphinda zisetyenziswe, kunye nolwakhiwo lokuphinda kusetyenziselwe ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kunye netekhnoloji kufuneka kuqwalaselwe, kwaye uvavanyo loqoqosho lokuphinda lusetyenziswe kufuneka lwenziwe. ukwenza inkunkuma icuthwe ibencinci.
3. Ukubalwa kweendleko zoyilo lokupakisha okuluhlaza: Kwinqanaba lokuqala leuyilo lokupakisha, imisebenzi yayo efana nokurisayikilisha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.Ngoko ke, kuhlalutyo lweendleko, akufanele sicinge kuphela iindleko zangaphakathi zokuyila, ukuvelisa kunye nenkqubo yokuthengisa, kodwa siqwalasele iindleko ezichaphazelekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-12-2023